The Complete Fortune Teller and Dream Book, by Chloe Russell, a Woman of Colour of the state of Massachusetts
Text: The Complete Fortune Teller and Dream Book
Author: Chloe Russell, a Woman of Colour of the state of Massachusetts
Publication Year: Earliest edition published in 1798; Latest edition published in 1827
The Complete Fortune Teller Dream Book was written by “Chloe Russell, a woman of colour in the state of Massachusetts,” as stated in her biography. There are several publications in Boston, the first dating back to 1798, but Russell’s biography is only featured in the 1827 edition. There is some uncertainty about Russell’s authorship, whether she really wrote the book, or whether white authors were trying to profit from the “Black interpreter.”
The content of the Complete Fortune Teller Dream Book differs based on the edition and contains various lists of dream interpretations, such as dream symbolism, the relationship between moles and futures, rituals for finding husbands, etc. Much of the book's contents are similar to fortune-telling books of the time; however, sometimes Russel did not imitate other texts but would even contradict dream books from the past.
Associated Exhibits: Literary & Rhetorical Analysis
The analysis questions the authenticity of Chloe Russel's narrative in "The Complete Fortune Teller and Dream Book." It highlights historical inaccuracies, raising doubts about its genre, purpose, and intended audience.
In the early 19th century, printing innovations expanded access to books, including the popular genre of fortune teller/dream books. In the antebellum era, these books gained popularity, especially within the Black community, providing financial stability and potential freedom from slavery.
Explores the readership of Early African American literature, shedding light on overlooked groups. While uncertainties surround Russel's identity, her published text implies readership, prompting further investigation to understand its impact
Associated Exhibits: Gender & Sexuality
Analyzes contemporary publications highlighting the alignment between Russel's work and societal values, underscoring the significance of newspapers as primary sources and contextual elements that catered to the society's needs.
The text explores challenges to societal norms regarding women's roles. One perspective advocates for abolition and women's rights, while another empowers women in making marriage choices and identifying undesirable partners.
Contextualizes Chloe Russell's success as a fortune teller, homeowner, and businesswoman by exploring the economic context of Black women in 19th-century Boston. It challenges traditional assumptions about "true womanhood" and highlights the significance of Black women's work for household survival.
Associated Exhibits: Spirituality
Examines the changing perception of witchcraft from Puritan persecution to romanticized fiction in the early 1800s. Chloe Russell's "The Complete Fortune Teller and Dream Book" is discussed, and questions are raised about its authorship, possibly influenced racial stereotypes during that period.
The cultural landscape of 18th-century New England influenced the uncertainties surrounding Chloe Russell and "The Complete Fortune Teller and Dream Book." Close exchanges between African Americans and Native Americans fostered rich cultural interactions and mixed identities.
It explores the association of alternative beliefs such as cunning and divination in the African Diaspora and how black women were often linked to traditional African spirituality.
Illustrates the early American interest in African mysticism and the influence of African Traditional Religions, Islam, and Christianity on the culture. Russell's work echoes elements of these religions, shaping American beliefs.
The text compares Chloe Russell's future-focused dream book with Sigmund Freud's wish fulfillment theory. It explores how both authors approached dream interpretation differently. Freud's work gained credibility due to his gender, leaving women like Russell forgotten.
Associated Exhibits: Authorship & Narrative Authority
Explores the instances of White authors in the 19th century appropriating Black identities to promote racial stereotypes, reinforce racist notions, and profit from Black stories. It emphasizes the whitewashing of Black lives and the perpetuation of harmful tropes.
Digital Scholarly Edition & Associated Exhibits
Explores the significance of slave narratives in the abolitionist movement of the 19th century. It compares the different rhetorical approaches of Chloe Russell and David Walker regarding domesticity and marriage. These narratives reflect different approaches to empowerment and resistance against white oppression.
A feminist reading of Chloe Russell's "The Complete Fortune Teller & Dream Book," a 19th-century text that explores the empowerment of women and challenges traditional gender roles. Also, it recognizes and amplifies the voices of Black women in historical narratives and feminist movements.
This text explores the process of encoding Chloe Russell's "The Complete Fortune Teller & Dream Book" into a digital format using XML and TEI. It discusses the decisions made during encoding, such as marking structural components, using attributes, and making editorial choices. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of digitizing the work to raise awareness of the role of Black women in historical texts.
Works Cited
New England Folklore. “New England Folklore: Chloe Russell: ‘The Old Witch or Black Interpreter’ and Her Dream Book,” May 8, 2021. https://newenglandfolklore.blogspot.com/2021/05/chloe-russell-old-witch-or-black.html.
Tomasi, Adam. “Chloe Russell,” March 4, 2022. https://thewestendmuseum.org/history/era/west-boston/chloe-russell/.